Remember a correlation does not imply causation. There are many other factors that could influence both, such as medical care and education. The fertility rate does not necessarily cause the life expectancy to change. Caution: just because there is a correlation between higher fertility rate and lower life expectancy, do not assume that having fewer children will mean that a person lives longer. It appears that there is a trend that the higher the fertility rate, the lower the life expectancy. This correlation would probably be considered moderate negative correlation. It looks a little stronger than the previous scatter plot and the trend looks more obvious. Graph 2.5.4: Scatter Plot of Life Expectancy versus Fertility Rate for All Countries in 2013Īgain, there is a downward trend. Let’s see what the scatter plot looks like with data from all countries in 2013 ("World health rankings," 2013). 1 1 > Question 14 1 pts What is the correct code to run a two-tailed Pearson correlation in R. Using your favorite statistics software package, you generate a scatter plot with a regression equation and correlation coefficient. 1 2 3 14- 12- 10- 8 y value 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 4 6 8 10 12 0 x value Plot 1: 1 Plot 2. Find the correlation coefficient and report it accurate to three decimal places. The trend is not strong which could be due to not having enough data or this could represent the actual relationship between these two variables. Question: Question 8 1 pts Match the scatter plots with their approximate correlation coefficients. What this says is that as fertility rate increases, life expectancy decreases. Question: Match each scatter plot to the corresponding correlation coefficient R. Graph 2.5.3: Scatter Plot of Life Expectancy versus Fertility Rateįrom the graph, you can see that there is somewhat of a downward trend, but it is not prominent. Note: Always start the vertical axis at zero to avoid exaggeration of the data. The vertical axis needs to encompass the numbers 70.8 to 81.9, so have it range from zero to 90, and have tick marks every 10 units. The horizontal axis needs to encompass 1.1 to 3.4, so have it range from zero to four, with tick marks every one unit. In this case, it seems to make more sense to predict what the life expectancy is doing based on fertility rate, so choose life expectancy to be the dependent variable and fertility rate to be the independent variable. Sometimes it is obvious which variable is which, and in some case it does not seem to be obvious. To make the scatter plot, you have to decide which variable is the independent variable and which one is the dependent variable. \): Life Expectancy and Fertility Rate in 2013 Countryįertility Rate (number of children per mother)
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